Tagged ERQ exemplars

Real Physics HL Paper 2 ERQs, parsed and structured. 26 ERQs total · showing 6 on page 2 of 2.

Q7 · 11 marks

E.4 FissionE.5 Fusion and stars
physics/HL/past_papers/archive_org/2021 May Examination Session/Physics_paper_2__TZ1_HL.pdf

Radioactive uranium-238 ( 238 92 U ) produces a series of decays ending with a stable nuclide of lead. The nuclides in the series decay by either alpha (α) or beta-minus (β-) processes.

4 parts
  • (a) ? [1m] — Uranium-238 decays into a nuclide of thorium-234 (Th). Write down the complete equation for this radioactive decay. [1]…
  • (b) Identify [1m] — Thallium-206 ( 20681Tl ) decays into lead-206 ( 206 82 Pb ). Identify the quark changes for this decay. …
  • (c) ? [4m] — The half-life of uranium-238 is about 4.5 × 109 years. The half-life of thallium-206 is about 4.2 minutes. Compare and contrast the methods to measure these half-lives. …
  • (d)(i) Outline [2m · AO2] — Outline why high temperatures are required for fusion to occur. [2] ��������������������������������������������������������������…
  • (d)(ii) Outline [1m · AO2] — Outline, with reference to the graph, why energy is released both in fusion and in fission. …
  • (d)(iii) Determine [2m · AO3] — Uranium-235 ( 235 92 U ) is used as a nuclear fuel. The fission of uranium-235 can produce krypton-89 and barium-144. Determine, in MeV and using the graph, the energy released by this fission. …

Q8 · 12 marks

A.1 KinematicsC.2 Wave model
physics/HL/past_papers/archive_org/2021 May Examination Session/Physics_paper_2__TZ1_HL.pdf

On a guitar, the strings played vibrate between two fixed points. The frequency of vibration is modified by changing the string length using a finger. The different strings have different wave speeds. When a string is plucked, a standing wave forms between the bridge and the finger. finger P 62 cm bridge

3 parts
  • (a) Outline [2m] — Outline how a standing wave is produced on the string. [2] �����������������������������������������������������…
  • (b)(i) Show [2m · AO3] — Show that the speed of the wave on the string is about 240 m s-1.[2] ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������…
  • (b)(ii) Sketch [1m · AO3] — Sketch a graph to show how the acceleration of point P varies with its displacement from the rest position. …
  • (b)(iii) Calculate [2m · AO2] — Calculate, in m s-1, the maximum velocity of vibration of point P when it is vibrating with a frequency of 195 Hz. …
  • (b)(iv) Calculate [2m · AO2] — Calculate, in terms of g, the maximum acceleration of P. [2] ��������������������������������������������������������������…
  • (b)(v) Estimate [2m · AO2] — Estimate the displacement needed to double the energy of the string. [2] ��������������������������������������������������������������…
  • (c) State [1m] — The string is made to vibrate in its third harmonic. State the distance between consecutive nodes. …

Q3 · 12 marks

D.2 E&M fields
physics/HL/past_papers/archive_org/2021 May Examination Session/Physics_paper_2__TZ2_HL.pdf

A vertical wall carries a uniform positive charge on its surface. This produces a uniform horizontal electric field perpendicular to the wall. A small, positively-charged ball is suspended in equilibrium from the vertical wall by a thread of negligible mass. wall 30˚ ball electric field

4 parts
  • (a) ? [2m] — The charge per unit area on the surface of the wall is σ. It can be shown that the electric field strength E due to the charge on the wall is given by the equation E . 2 0 Demonstrate that …
  • (b)(ii) Determine [2m · AO3] — The charge on the ball is 1.2 × 10-6 C. Determine σ.[2] ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������…
  • (c) Explain [3m] — The thread breaks. Explain the initial subsequent motion of the ball. [3] �����������������������������������������������������…
  • (d)(i) Calculate [3m · AO2] — Calculate the charge on Q. State your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures. …
  • (d)(ii) Outline [2m · AO2] — Outline, without calculation, whether or not the electric potential at P is zero. [2] ��������������������������������������������������������������…

Q6 · 10 marks

physics/HL/past_papers/archive_org/2021 May Examination Session/Physics_paper_2__TZ2_HL.pdf

A photovoltaic cell is supplying energy to an external circuit. The photovoltaic cell can be modelled as a practical electrical cell with internal resistance. The intensity of solar radiation incident on the photovoltaic cell at a particular time is at a maximum for the place where the cell is positioned. The following data are available for this particular time: Operating current = 0.90 A Output …

4 parts
  • (a) Explain [2m] — Explain why the output potential difference to the external circuit and the output emf of the photovoltaic cell are different. …
  • (b) Calculate [3m] — Calculate the internal resistance of the photovoltaic cell for the maximum intensity condition using the model for the cell. …
  • (c) Determine [3m] — The maximum intensity of sunlight incident on the photovoltaic cell at the place on the Earth’s surface is 680 W m-2. A measure of the efficiency of a photovoltaic cell is the ratio energy available e…
  • (d) State [2m] — State two reasons why future energy demands will be increasingly reliant on sources such as photovoltaic cells. …

Q2 · 12 marks

A.1 KinematicsC.2 Wave modelC.4 Standing waves
physics/HL/past_papers/archive_org/2021 November Examination Session/Physics_paper_2__HL.pdf

A longitudinal wave travels in a medium with speed 340 m s-1. The graph shows the variation with time t of the displacement x of a particle P in the medium. Positive displacements on the graph correspond to displacements to the right for particle P. x / μm 8 6 4 2 0 t / ms 1 2 3 …

4 parts
  • (a) Calculate [2m] — Calculate the wavelength of the wave. [2] �����������������������������������������������������…
  • (b) Determine [3m] — Determine, for particle P, the magnitude and direction of the acceleration at t = 2.0 m s [3] �����������������������������������������������������…
  • (c)(i) State [1m · AO1] — State the phase difference between the two waves. [1] ��������������������������������������������������������������…
  • (c)(ii) Identify [1m · AO2] — Identify a time at which the displacement of P is zero. [1] ��������������������������������������������������������������…
  • (c)(iii) Estimate [1m · AO2] — Estimate the amplitude of the resultant wave. [1] ��������������������������������������������������������������…
  • (d)(i) Calculate [1m · AO2] — Calculate the length of the tube. [1] ����������������������������������������������������������������…
  • (d)(ii) State [2m · AO1] — A particle in the tube has its equilibrium position at the open end of the tube. T State and explain the direction of the velocity of this particle at time t = [2] 8 ��������������������������������…
  • (d)(iii) Draw [1m · AO1] — Draw on the diagram the standing wave at time t = [1] 4

Q4 · 14 marks

A.3 Work, energy and powerE.3 Radioactive decay
physics/HL/past_papers/archive_org/2021 November Examination Session/Physics_paper_2__HL.pdf

(a) (i) State what is meant by the binding energy of a nucleus. [1] ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������…

3 parts
  • (b)(i) Show [3m · AO3] — Show that the energy released in this decay is about 6 MeV. [3] ��������������������������������������������������������������…
  • (b)(ii) Calculate [2m · AO2] — The plutonium nucleus is at rest when it decays. kinetic energy of alpha particle Calculate the ratio [2] kinetic energy of uranium ����������������������…
  • (c)(i) Estimate [3m · AO2] — Estimate the power, in kW, that is available from the plutonium at launch. [3] ��������������������������������������������������������������…
  • (c)(ii) Estimate [2m · AO2] — The spacecraft will take 7.2 years (2.3 × 108 s) to reach a planet in the solar system. Estimate the power available to the spacecraft when it gets to the planet. …
  • (d)(i) ? [2m · ?] — the kinetic energy of an emitted photoelectron. [2] ��������������������������������������������������������������…
  • (d)(ii) ? [2m · ?] — the rate at which charge leaves the metallic surface. [2] ��������������������������������������������������������������…